生产环境服务器磁盘扩容记录
磁盘已占用80%，对磁盘进行扩容
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用%% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/vg_rhlinux1-lv_root
34G 25G 6.7G 79% /
tmpfs 3.9G 224K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 38M 423M 9% /boot
//172.16.239.6/KYGL 76T 15T 62T 19% /www/files
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]#
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]#
加上120G的磁盘之后，使用fdisk -l查看磁盘信息
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 61440 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00013041
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2 501 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 502 40960 41430016 8e Linux LVM
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rhlinux1-lv_root: 36.1 GB, 36146511872 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4394 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rhlinux1-lv_swap: 6274 MB, 6274678784 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 762 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]#
Disk 显示为 Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB，新添加的 120G 磁盘并未检测到。找到下述方式，查看 /sys/class/scsi_host 下的目录结构，添加 - - - 标志到目录下文件中的 scan文件
驱动程序读取到此标识后，会触发重新识别磁盘的操作
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/scan
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]#
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 64.4 GB, 64424509440 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 61440 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00013041
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2 501 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 502 40960 41430016 8e Linux LVM
Partition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rhlinux1-lv_root: 36.1 GB, 36146511872 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4394 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rhlinux1-lv_swap: 6274 MB, 6274678784 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 762 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]#
通过上述方式，执行后并未生效，最后在凌晨重启了服务器（需要甚重考虑，不能影响生产业务），再通过 fdisk -l 查看磁盘信息
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 171.8 GB, 171798691840 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 20886 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00013041
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 5222 41430016 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rhlinux1-lv_root: 36.1 GB, 36146511872 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4394 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rhlinux1-lv_swap: 6274 MB, 6274678784 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 762 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]#
创建新的分区 fdisk /dev/sda：
/dev/sda取自fdisk -l中的Disk /dev/sda: 171.8 GB, 171798691840 bytes
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help):
Command (m for help): m
Command action
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help):
p查看当前分区信息
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 171.8 GB, 171798691840 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 20886 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00013041
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 5222 41430016 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help):
Disk /dev/sda: 171.8 GB, 171798691840 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 20886 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00013041
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 5222 41430016 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help):
Device显示已经存在 /dev/sda1 和 /dev/sda2
n创建新的分区
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p # 选择主分区
Partition number (1-4):
Value out of range.
Partition number (1-4): 3 # 分区序号
First cylinder (5222-20886, default 5222):
Using default value 5222
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (5222-20886, default 20886):
Using default value 20886
Command (m for help):
再次查看分区信息
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 171.8 GB, 171798691840 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 20886 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00013041
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 5222 41430016 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 5222 20886 125823755 83 Linux # 新创建的分区
Command (m for help):
t修改分区的格式为 8e
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 3
Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e (Linux LVM)
Command (m for help):
查看调整后的分区信息
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 171.8 GB, 171798691840 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 20886 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00013041
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 5222 41430016 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 5222 20886 125823755 8e Linux LVM
Command (m for help):
w保存信息
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]#
fdisk -l查看磁盘信息，Device下的 /dev/sda3为新创建的分区
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 171.8 GB, 171798691840 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 20886 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00013041
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 64 512000 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 64 5222 41430016 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 5222 20886 125823755 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rhlinux1-lv_root: 36.1 GB, 36146511872 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 4394 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Disk /dev/mapper/vg_rhlinux1-lv_swap: 6274 MB, 6274678784 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 762 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]#
reboot重启服务器，创建物理卷：
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]#
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]#
查看物理卷信息，此时分为两部分：
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]# pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name vg_rhlinux1
PV Size 39.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 10114
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 10114
PV UUID qYY7GZ-7xaq-qneQ-uvpX-4XcJ-JmwR-B1GX5E
"/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "119.99 GiB"
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda3
VG Name
PV Size 119.99 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID iZiQu4-rkxI-N2aB-Isan-3m8z-Gd4C-5ZHLGh
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]#
将新创建的物理卷，添加到卷组 vg_rhlinux1：
vg_rhlinux1取自于pvdisplay中的VG Name
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]# vgextend vg_rhlinux1 /dev/sda3
Volume group "vg_rhlinux1" successfully extended
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]#
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]#
添加到卷组中后，再查看卷组信息：
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_rhlinux1
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 2
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 159.50 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 40832
Alloc PE / Size 10114 / 39.51 GiB
Free PE / Size 30718 / 119.99 GiB
VG UUID O1n5g2-qwJZ-Vib0-D947-2H6R-ikoC-drQDuF
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]#
卷组
vg_rhlinux1已分配空间 39.51 GiB：Alloc PE / Size 10114 / 39.51 GiB
可分配空间 119.99 GiB：Free PE / Size 30718 / 119.99 GiB
增加文件系统 /dev/mapper/vg_rhlinux1-lv_root 的空间（119.99G）：
/dev/mapper/vg_rhlinux1-lv_root取自于df -h
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]# lvresize -L +119.99G /dev/mapper/vg_rhlinux1-lv_root
Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 119.99 GiB
Extending logical volume lv_root to 153.66 GiB
Logical volume lv_root successfully resized
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]#
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]#
resize2fs 增大未被加载的文件系统大小：
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/vg_rhlinux1-lv_root
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vg_rhlinux1-lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 3, new_desc_blocks = 10
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/vg_rhlinux1-lv_root to 40280064 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vg_rhlinux1-lv_root is now 40280064 blocks long.
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]#
重新查看磁盘空间使用情况
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]# df -h
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用%% 挂载点
/dev/mapper/vg_rhlinux1-lv_root
152G 25G 119G 18% /
tmpfs 3.9G 72K 3.9G 1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 485M 38M 423M 9% /boot
//172.16.239.6/KYGL 76T 15T 62T 19% /www/files
[root@JT-T-KEYAN-001 ~]#
结束！
问题：在虚拟机上进行添加测试时，还遇到显示可用空间为 32G，实际添加时并没有32G
[root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name VolGroup
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 5
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 95.50 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 24449
Alloc PE / Size 16258 / <63.51 GiB
Free PE / Size 8191 / <32.00 GiB
VG UUID Y7eTgz-cYoH-r3gT-5BZw-3JTm-7hXg-TgjxRZ
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# lvresize -L +32G /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
Insufficient free space: 8192 extents needed, but only 8191 available
[root@localhost ~]#
只有 8191 可用，每个 PE Size 为 4MiB，可扩增空间为：8191 x 4 / 1024
[root@localhost ~]# lvresize -L +31.99G /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 31.99 GiB.
Size of logical volume VolGroup/lv_root changed from 50.00 GiB (12800 extents) to 81.99 GiB (20990 extents).
Logical volume VolGroup/lv_root successfully resized.
[root@localhost ~]#
